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The significance of mitochondrial fission and fusion is distinct for nonproliferating neurons, which are unable to survive without mitochondrial fission. Such nonproliferating neurons cause two human diseases known as dominant optic atrophy and Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 2A, which are both caused by fusion defects. Though the importance ...
Mitochondrial fission is the process by which mitochondria divide or segregate into two separate mitochondrial organelles. Mitochondrial fission is counteracted by mitochondrial fusion, where two mitochondria fuse together to form a larger one. [1] Fusion can result in elongated mitochondrial networks.
Mitochondria routinely undergo fission and fusion events that maintain a dynamic reticular network. Drp1 is a fundamental component of mitochondrial fission. [12] Indeed, Drp1 deficient neurons have large, strongly interconnected mitochondria [13] due to dysfunctional fission machinery.
[13] [14] Therefore, achieving a balance between these mechanisms allows a cell to have the proper organization of its mitochondrial network during biogenesis and may have an important role in muscle adaptation to physiological stress. [13] The processes of fusion and fission allow for mitochondrial reorganization.
In mammals MFN1 and MFN2 are essential for mitochondrial fusion. [7] In addition to the mitofusins, OPA1 regulates inner mitochondrial membrane fusion, and DRP1 is responsible for mitochondrial fission. [8] Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell
As a fission factor, FIS1 is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. [11] [12] Stress, such as NO, can trigger aberrant mitochondrial fission and fusion, resulting in mitophagy. [9] [11] For example, increased mitochondrial fragmentation and FIS1 levels were observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
Mitochondria is a dynamic structure regulating its morphology by context-dependent constant fission and fusion. Fission is crucial for mitophagy, as it cuts off a small mitochondrial part that can be further engulfed by the autophagosome. [31] The viruses Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) take advantage of this mechanism by inducing ...
PINK1 may also control mitochondria quality through mitochondrial fission. Through mitochondrial fission, a number of daughter mitochondria are created, often with an uneven distribution in membrane potential. Mitochondria with a strong, healthy membrane potential were more likely to undergo fusion than mitochondria with low membrane potential.