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Z-test tests the mean of a distribution. For each significance level in the confidence interval, the Z-test has a single critical value (for example, 1.96 for 5% two tailed) which makes it more convenient than the Student's t-test whose critical values are defined by the sample size (through the corresponding degrees of freedom). Both the Z ...
The numerator is the difference between the maximum likelihoods of the two models, corrected for the number of coefficients analogous to the BIC, the term in the denominator of the expression for Z, , is defined by setting equal to either the mean of the squares of the pointwise log-likelihood ratios , or to the sample variance of these values ...
where R 1 = N 11 + N 12 + N 13, and C 1 = N 11 + N 21, etc. . The trend test statistic is = (), where the t i are weights, and the difference N 1i R 2 −N 2i R 1 can be seen as the difference between N 1i and N 2i after reweighting the rows to have the same total.
An example of the first resample might look like this X 1 * = x 2, x 1, x 10, x 10, x 3, x 4, x 6, x 7, x 1, x 9. There are some duplicates since a bootstrap resample comes from sampling with replacement from the data. Also the number of data points in a bootstrap resample is equal to the number of data points in our original observations.
Ooms, Marius (2009). "Trends in Applied Econometrics Software Development 1985–2008: An Analysis of Journal of Applied Econometrics Research Articles, Software Reviews, Data and Code". Palgrave Handbook of Econometrics. Vol. 2: Applied Econometrics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 1321– 1348. ISBN 978-1-4039-1800-0. Renfro, Charles G. (2004).
Stata (/ ˈ s t eɪ t ə /, [2] STAY-ta, alternatively / ˈ s t æ t ə /, occasionally stylized as STATA [3] [4]) is a general-purpose statistical software package developed by StataCorp for data manipulation, visualization, statistics, and automated reporting.
Consider the data (1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9). It has a median value of 2. The absolute deviations about 2 are (1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 4, 7) which in turn have a median value of 1 (because the sorted absolute deviations are (0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 7)). So the median absolute deviation for this data is 1.
[9] There is no single accepted name for this number; it is also commonly referred to as the "standard normal deviate", "normal score" or "Z score" for the 97.5 percentile point, the .975 point, or just its approximate value, 1.96. If X has a standard normal distribution, i.e. X ~ N(0,1),