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This conjecture was stated in 1637 by Pierre de Fermat, but it was proved only in 1994 by Andrew Wiles, who used tools including scheme theory from algebraic geometry, category theory, and homological algebra. [18] Another example is Goldbach's conjecture, which asserts that every even integer greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers.
Algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies certain abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operations other than the standard arithmetic operations, such as addition and multiplication.
Focus on Algebra is far from the worst of the new books. However, it contains a representative sample of what is being called 'a mile wide and an inch deep'." [3] Senator Robert Byrd, Democrat from West Virginia, joined critics of reform mathematics on the floor of the Senate by dubbing Focus on Algebra "whacko algebra". [4]
In mathematics, an algebra over a field (often simply called an algebra) is a vector space equipped with a bilinear product.Thus, an algebra is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with operations of multiplication and addition and scalar multiplication by elements of a field and satisfying the axioms implied by "vector space" and "bilinear".
A wheel is a type of algebra (in the sense of universal algebra) where division is always defined. In particular, division by zero is meaningful. The real numbers can be extended to a wheel, as can any commutative ring.
A quadratic equation is one which includes a term with an exponent of 2, for example, , [40] and no term with higher exponent. The name derives from the Latin quadrus , meaning square. [ 41 ] In general, a quadratic equation can be expressed in the form a x 2 + b x + c = 0 {\displaystyle ax^{2}+bx+c=0} , [ 42 ] where a is not zero (if it were ...
Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space over k....Let (e i) 1≤ i ≤ n be a basis for V....There is an isomorphism of the polynomial algebra k[T ij] 1≤ i, j ≤ n onto the algebra Sym k (V ⊗ V *)....It extends to an isomorphism of k[GL n] to the localized algebra Sym k (V ⊗ V *) D, where D = det(e i ⊗ e j *)....We write k[GL(V ...
The form comes with two worksheets, one to calculate exemptions, and another to calculate the effects of other income (second job, spouse's job). The bottom number in each worksheet is used to fill out two if the lines in the main W4 form. The main form is filed with the employer, and the worksheets are discarded or held by the employee.
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