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Indigenous religions or native religion is a category used in the study of religion to demarcate the religious belief systems of ... In the nineteenth century, the ...
Native American religions were prevalent in the pre-Columbian era, including state religions.Common concept is the supernatural world of deities, spirits and wonders, such as the Algonquian manitou or the LakotaŹ¼s wakan, [19] [20] [9] as well as Great Spirit, [21] Fifth World, world tree, and the red road among many Indians.
The Native American Church (NAC), also known as Peyotism and Peyote Religion, is a syncretic Native American religion that teaches a combination of traditional Native American beliefs and elements of Christianity, especially pertaining to the Ten Commandments, with sacramental use of the entheogen peyote. [2]
Native American Church, 1800 (19th century) [5] Reformed Mennonites, 1812; Restoration Movement, 1800s; various subgroups of Amish, throughout 19th and 20th centuries; American Unitarian Association, 1825 Unitarian Universalism, 1961 (consolidation of the Universalist Church and the AUA) Latter Day Saint movement/Mormonism, 1830
Native Americans were rewarded if they returned escaped slaves, and African Americans were rewarded for fighting in the late 19th-century Indian Wars. [40] [41] [42] While numerous tribes used captive enemies as servants and slaves, they also often adopted younger captives into their tribes to replace members who had died.
The Catholic Church during the Age of Discovery inaugurated a major effort to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the indigenous peoples of the Americas and other indigenous peoples. The evangelical effort was a major part of, and a justification for, the military conquests of European powers such as Portugal , Spain , and France .
The "19th-century armchair anthropologists" argued that "primitive society" (an evolutionary category) was ordered by kinship and divided into exogamous descent groups related by a series of marriage exchanges. Their religion was animism, the belief that natural species and objects had souls.
In the 19th century, researchers proposed various theories regarding the origin of religion, challenging earlier claims of a Christianity-like urreligion. Early theorists, such as Edward Burnett Tylor (1832–1917) and Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), emphasized the concept of animism , while archaeologist John Lubbock (1834–1913) used the term ...