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The Rüchardt experiment, [1] [2] [3] invented by Eduard Rüchardt, is a famous experiment in thermodynamics, which determines the ratio of the molar heat capacities of a gas, i.e. the ratio of (heat capacity at constant pressure) and (heat capacity at constant volume) and is denoted by (gamma, for ideal gas) or (kappa, isentropic exponent, for real gas).
Until 1982, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm). Since 1982, STP is defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar). Conversions between each volume flow metric are calculated using the following formulas: Prior to 1982,
In high-energy physics, the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect, also known as the Landau–Pomeranchuk effect and the Pomeranchuk effect, or simply LPM effect, is a reduction of the bremsstrahlung and pair production cross sections at high energies or high matter densities. [1] It is named in honor of Lev Landau, Isaak Pomeranchuk and Arkady ...
Consider a graph of pressure versus temperature made around standard conditions (well above absolute zero) for three different samples of any ideal gas (a, b, c). To the extent that the gas is ideal, the pressure depends linearly on temperature, and the extrapolation to zero pressure occurs at absolute zero. [ 3 ]
Some introductory physics textbooks still define the pressure-temperature relationship as Gay-Lussac's law. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Gay-Lussac primarily investigated the relationship between volume and temperature and published it in 1802, but his work did cover some comparison between pressure and temperature. [ 9 ]
[1] [9] According to this, the mixing temperature is the weighted arithmetic mean of the temperatures of the two initial components. Richmann's rule of mixing can also be applied in reverse, for example, to the question of the ratio in which quantities of water of given temperatures must be mixed to obtain water of a desired temperature.
Calorimetry requires that a reference material that changes temperature have known definite thermal constitutive properties. The classical rule, recognized by Clausius and Kelvin, is that the pressure exerted by the calorimetric material is fully and rapidly determined solely by its temperature and volume; this rule is for changes that do not involve phase change, such as melting of ice.
where (,,) is the specific volume, is the pressure, is the salinity, is the temperature, and is the specific volume when =, and ,, are parameters that can be fit to experimental data. The Tumlirz–Tammann version of the Tait equation for fresh water, i.e., when S = 0 {\displaystyle S=0} , is