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Nicotinonitrile or 3-cyanopyridine is an organic compound with the formula NCC 5 H 4 N. The molecule consists of a pyridine ring with a nitrile group attached to the 3-position. A colorless solid, it is produced by ammoxidation of 3-methylpyridine: [2] H 3 CC 5 H 4 N + NH 3 + 1.5 O 2 → NCC 5 H 4 N + 3 H 2 O. Nicotinonitrile is a precursor to ...
It is prepared by oxidation of nicotinic acid or the hydrolysis of 3-cyanopyridine N-oxide. The compound is a precursor to the popular drugs niflumic acid and pranoprofen . [ 1 ]
Nitrile hydratase and amidase are two hydrating and hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the sequential metabolism of nitriles in bacteria that are capable of utilising nitriles as their sole source of nitrogen and carbon, and in concert act as an alternative to nitrilase activity, which performs nitrile hydrolysis without formation of an intermediate primary amide.
Furthermore, nitriles, such as cyanopyridine and cyanamides, cyanomorpholine and in particular cyanomethyl trialkyl/arylammonium salts are known bleach activators (the latter, the so-called nitrile quats, [8] [9] are present in aqueous solution as cations).
Picolinic acid is an organic compound with the formula NC 5 H 4 CO 2 H.It is a derivative of pyridine with a carboxylic acid (COOH) substituent at the 2-position. It is an isomer of nicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid, which have the carboxyl side chain at the 3- and 4-positions, respectively.
In organic chemistry, the Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane (R−NO 2) to an aldehyde (R−CH=O) or a ketone (R 2 C=O) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The reaction has been the subject of several literature reviews. [1] [2] [3] The Nef reaction: 1. Salt of a nitroalkane ...
An example taken from "Name Reactions: Heterocyclic Chemistry" by Jie Jack Li shows a case of stereospecificity in the Bucherer–Bergs reaction. While the end product of the Bucherer–Bergs reaction is a hydantoin, the hydantoin can undergo hydrolysis to form an amino acid. This is what is assumed in the example below.
In organic chemistry, neighbouring group participation (NGP, also known as anchimeric assistance) has been defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as the interaction of a reaction centre with a lone pair of electrons in an atom or the electrons present in a sigma or pi bond contained within the parent molecule but not conjugated with the reaction centre.