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The first comprehensive draft of a grid layout for CSS was created by Phil Cupp at Microsoft in 2011 and implemented in Internet Explorer 10 behind a -ms-vendor prefix.The syntax was restructured and further refined through several iterations in the CSS Working Group, led primarily by Elika Etemad and Tab Atkins Jr.
CSS Flexible Box Layout, commonly known as Flexbox, [2] is a CSS web layout model. [4] It is in the W3C 's candidate recommendation (CR) stage. [ 2 ] The flex layout allows responsive elements within a container to be automatically arranged depending on viewport (device screen) size.
The Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) specification describes how elements of web pages are displayed by graphical browsers. Section 4 of the CSS1 specification defines a "formatting model" that gives block-level elements—such as p and blockquote—a width and height, and three levels of boxes surrounding it: padding, borders, and margins. [4]
A CSS framework is a library allowing for easier, more standards-compliant web design using the Cascading Style Sheets language. Most of these frameworks contain at least a grid . More functional frameworks also come with more features and additional JavaScript based functions, but are mostly design oriented and focused around interactive UI ...
Bootstrap (formerly Twitter Bootstrap) is a free and open-source CSS framework directed at responsive, mobile-first front-end web development. It contains HTML , CSS and (optionally) JavaScript -based design templates for typography , forms , buttons , navigation , and other interface components.
Luke Wroblewski has summarized some of the RWD and mobile design challenges and created a catalog of multi-device layout patterns. [15] [16] [17] He suggested that, compared with a simple HWD approach [clarification needed], device experience or RESS (responsive web design with server-side components) approaches can provide a user experience that is better optimized for mobile devices.
W3Schools is a freemium educational website for learning coding online. [1] [2] Initially released in 1998, it derives its name from the World Wide Web but is not affiliated with the W3 Consortium. [3] [4] [unreliable source] W3Schools offers courses covering many aspects of web development. [5] W3Schools also publishes free HTML templates.
Modal windows are sometimes called heavy windows or modal dialogs because they often display a dialog box. User interfaces typically use modal windows to command user awareness and to display emergency states, though interaction designers argue they are ineffective for that use. [1] Modal windows are prone to mode errors. [1] [2] [3]