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The base 3 appears 5 times in the multiplication, because the exponent is 5. Here, 243 is the 5th power of 3, or 3 raised to the 5th power. The word "raised" is usually omitted, and sometimes "power" as well, so 3 5 can be simply read "3 to the 5th", or "3 to the 5".
Yao's method collects in u first those x i that appear to the highest power ; in the next round those with power are collected in u as well etc. The variable y is multiplied h − 1 {\displaystyle h-1} times with the initial u , h − 2 {\displaystyle h-2} times with the next highest powers, and so on.
The first 3 powers of 2 with all but last digit odd is 2 4 = 16, 2 5 = 32 and 2 9 = 512. The next such power of 2 of form 2 n should have n of at least 6 digits. The only powers of 2 with all digits distinct are 2 0 = 1 to 2 15 = 32 768, 2 20 = 1 048 576 and 2 29 = 536 870 912.
The factors 2e, (e – 3f), and (e + 3f) are coprime since 3 cannot divide e: if e were divisible by 3, then 3 would divide u, violating the designation of u and v as coprime. Since the three factors on the right-hand side are coprime, they must individually equal cubes of smaller integers −2e = k 3 e − 3f = l 3 e + 3f = m 3
The term superexponentiation was published by Bromer in his paper Superexponentiation in 1987. [3] It was used earlier by Ed Nelson in his book Predicative Arithmetic, Princeton University Press, 1986. The term hyperpower [4] is a natural combination of hyper and power, which aptly describes tetration.
In algebraic number theory the n-th power residue symbol (for an integer n > 2) is a generalization of the (quadratic) Legendre symbol to n-th powers. These symbols are used in the statement and proof of cubic , quartic , Eisenstein , and related higher [ 1 ] reciprocity laws .
Squaring is the same as raising to the power 2, and is denoted by a superscript 2; for instance, the square of 3 may be written as 3 2, which is the number 9. In some cases when superscripts are not available, as for instance in programming languages or plain text files, the notations x ^2 ( caret ) or x **2 may be used in place of x 2 .
Fermat knew that a fourth power cannot be the sum of two other fourth powers (the n = 4 case of Fermat's Last Theorem; see Fermat's right triangle theorem). Euler conjectured that a fourth power cannot be written as the sum of three fourth powers, but 200 years later, in 1986, this was disproven by Elkies with: 20615673 4 = 18796760 4 ...