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In econometrics, the estimate of the effect of one thing on another (say, the estimate of the effect of the minimum wage upon employment decisions) is said to be "biased" if the technique that was used to obtain the estimate has the effect that, a priori, the expected value of the estimated effect differs from the true effect, whatever the ...
A cost-performance ratio with a positive value (i.e. greater than 1) indicates that costs are running under budget. [3] A negative value (i.e. less than 1) indicates that costs are running over budget. [3] However, a neutral cost-performance ratio (between 1.0 and 1.9) could suggest a certain degree of stagnation in the budget.
Value for money is often expressed in comparative terms, such as "better", or "best value for money", [1] but may also be expressed in absolute terms, such as where a deal does, or does not, offer value for money. [2] Among the competing schools of economic theory there are differing theories of value.
The value function is steeper for losses than gains indicating that losses outweigh gains. Prospect theory stems from loss aversion, where the observation is that agents asymmetrically feel losses greater than that of an equivalent gain. It centralises around the idea that people conclude their utility from "gains" and "losses" relative to a ...
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
Within the stock market, the term overweight can be used in two different contexts. [1] A rating of a stock by a financial analyst as having better value for money than other stocks. The other possible ratings are "underweight" and "equal weight", to indicate a particular stock's attractiveness. [2]
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In Figure 1, the consumer would rather be on I 3 than I 2, and would rather be on I 2 than I 1, but does not care where he/she is on a given indifference curve. The slope of an indifference curve (in absolute value), known by economists as the marginal rate of substitution , shows the rate at which consumers are willing to give up one good in ...