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A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with any of the keywords class, struct or union (the first two are collectively referred to as non-union classes) that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers private, protected or public.
A related concept is inner types, also known as inner data type or nested type, which is a generalization of the concept of inner classes. C++ is an example of a language that supports both inner classes and inner types (via typedef declarations). [30] [31] A local class is a class defined within a procedure or function. Such structure limits ...
In the C++ programming language, the C++ Standard Library is a collection of classes and functions, which are written in the core language and part of the C++ ISO Standard itself. [ 1 ] Overview
In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. [32] New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, and protected members. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published. This work became the basis for ...
The C++ examples in this section demonstrate the principle of using composition and interfaces to achieve code reuse and polymorphism. Due to the C++ language not having a dedicated keyword to declare interfaces, the following C++ example uses inheritance from a pure abstract base class.
Apache C++ Standard Library (The starting point for this library was the 2005 version of the Rogue Wave standard library [15]) Libstdc++ uses code derived from SGI STL for the algorithms and containers defined in C++03. Dinkum STL library by P.J. Plauger; The Microsoft STL which ships with Visual C++ is a licensed derivative of Dinkum's STL.
The concept of class hierarchy in computer science is very similar to taxonomy, the classifications of species. The relationships are specified in the science of object-oriented design and object interface standards defined by popular use, language designers ( Java , C++ , Smalltalk , Visual Prolog ) and standards committees for software design ...
Destructor – call the destructors of all the object's class-type members; Copy constructor – construct all the object's members from the corresponding members of the copy constructor's argument, calling the copy constructors of the object's class-type members, and doing a plain assignment of all non-class type (e.g., int or pointer) data ...