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Antiphon was a statesman who took up rhetoric as a profession. He was active in political affairs in Athens, and, as a zealous supporter of the oligarchical party, was largely responsible for the establishment of the Four Hundred in 411 (see Theramenes); upon restoration of the democracy shortly afterwards, he was accused of treason and condemned to death. [1]
The name Antiphon the Sophist (/ ˈ æ n t ə ˌ f ɒ n,-ən /; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιφῶν) is used to refer to the writer of several Sophistic treatises. He probably lived in Athens in the last two decades of the 5th century BC, but almost nothing is known of his life.
The exact date of the speech is uncertain, though it is likely to have been composed in the final decade of Antiphon's life (421–411 BC). [8] K.J. Dover suggests that "Against the Stepmother" was produced after what is now known as Antiphon's sixth speech, but before the fifth. [9] Therefore, Dover dates the speech to between 419 and 414 BC. [10]
Until the 5th century BC, however, oratory was not formally taught. It was not until the middle of that century that the Sicilian orator, Corax, along with his pupil, Tisias, began a formal study of rhetoric. In 427 BC, another Sicilian named Gorgias of Leontini visited Athens and gave a speech which dazzled the citizens.
The poet Antiphon is said to have written dramas in conjunction with the tyrant, who is not known to have shown interest in writing poetry until the latter period of his life. These circumstances alone, if there were not many others, would show that the orator and the poet were two different persons, and that the latter must have survived the ...
The orator Lysias recorded that Theramenes was a leader involved in the adoption of an oligarchy, and his father, who was one of the probouloi, "was active in this business". Aristotle, in a discussion in his Rhetoric , recalls that one of the probouloi , the tragedian Sophocles , admitted approving of setting up the 400, saying that although ...
Andocides appears to have fathered no children, since he is described at the age of 70 as being childless, [24] although the scholiast on Aristophanes mentions Antiphon as a son of Andocides. The large fortune which he had inherited from his father, or acquired in his commercial undertakings, was greatly diminished in the latter years of his life.
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