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Clockwise from left: Behemoth (on earth), Ziz (in sky), and Leviathan (under sea). From an illuminated manuscript, 13th century AD. Behemoth (/ b ɪ ˈ h iː m ə θ, ˈ b iː ə-/; Hebrew: בְּהֵמוֹת, bəhēmōṯ) is a beast from the biblical Book of Job, and is a form of the primeval chaos-monster created by God at the beginning of creation; he is paired with the other chaos-monster ...
God's second speech begins with a challenge to announce the theme (40:6–14), before proceeding with the description of Behemoth (40:15–24) and Leviathan (41:1–34). [ 20 ] [ 30 ] These two creatures are described as big in size and uncontrollable by humans, but YHWH totally control them all in his orderly world.
As Leviathan is the king of fishes, so the Ziz is appointed to rule over the birds. His name comes from the variety of tastes his flesh has; it tastes like this, zeh, and like that, zeh. The Ziz is as monstrous of size as Leviathan himself. His ankles rest on the earth, and his head reaches to the very sky.
After YHWH speaks to Job (Job 38:1–40:2), Job gives a tentative response (Job 40:3–5), so YHWH continues with a second speech (40:6–41:34), including detailed descriptions of Behemoth and Leviathan, which evokes a more definite response from Job as noted in this passage (Job 42:1–6). [11]
The body of the Leviathan, especially his eyes, possesses great illuminating power. This was the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer, who, in the course of a voyage in company with Rabbi Joshua, explained to the latter, when frightened by the sudden appearance of a brilliant light, that it probably proceeded from the eyes of the Leviathan.
Job (chapters 40 and 41) depicts his strength with the figures of Behemoth and Leviathan. The conquering of Lucifer by the Cross and being thrust into hell where he remains, bound, until the day of judgment is recorded in Revelation 20.
Rahab, in these passages, takes the meaning of primeval, chaotic, multi-headed sea-dragon or Leviathan. "Thou didst crush Rahab, as one that is slain; Thou didst scatter Thine enemies with the arm of Thy strength." Psalm 89:10 "Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in the days of old, the generations of ancient times.
The section opens with a series of questions to challenge Job to contend with Leviathan, which is quite overpowering for humans. [16] The human challenge against Leviathan is described as futile (verses 8–10a), so the implication is "who can stand before" YHWH who created Leviathan (verse 10b). [17]
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