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RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf or even Raf-1, is an enzyme [4] that in humans is encoded by the RAF1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The c-Raf protein is part of the ERK1/2 pathway as a MAP kinase (MAP3K) that functions downstream of the Ras subfamily of membrane associated GTPases. [ 7 ]
The activation of aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect), which is not necessarily induced by mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, [97] provides most of the building blocks required to duplicate the cellular components of a dividing cell and, therefore, is also essential for carcinogenesis.
A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein products.
It was later found that carcinogenesis (the development of cancer) depended both on the mutation of proto-oncogenes (genes that stimulate cell proliferation) and on the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, that keep proliferation in check. Knudson's hypothesis refers specifically, however, to the heterozygosity of tumor suppressor genes.
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Protein c-Fos; Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; PSMD10; R. Ras GTPase;
Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. The Myc family consists of three related human genes: c-myc , l-myc , and n-myc . c-myc (also sometimes referred to as MYC) was the first gene to be discovered in this family, due to homology with the viral gene v-myc.
1398 12928 Ensembl ENSG00000167193 ENSMUSG00000017776 UniProt P46108 Q64010 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_016823 NM_005206 NM_001277219 NM_001277221 NM_133656 RefSeq (protein) NP_005197 NP_058431 NP_001264148 NP_001264150 NP_598417 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 1.42 – 1.46 Mb Chr 11: 75.57 – 75.6 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Adapter molecule crk also known as proto-oncogene c-Crk ...
3725 16476 Ensembl ENSG00000177606 ENSMUSG00000052684 UniProt P05412 P05627 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002228 NM_010591 RefSeq (protein) NP_002219 NP_034721 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 58.78 – 58.78 Mb Chr 4: 94.94 – 94.94 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Transcription factor Jun is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUN gene. c-Jun, in combination with protein c-Fos ...