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OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) virtualization paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, including containers (LXC, Solaris Containers, AIX WPARs, HP-UX SRP Containers, Docker, Podman), zones (Solaris Containers), virtual private servers (), partitions, virtual environments (VEs), virtual kernels (DragonFly BSD), and jails ...
The main classes of Docker objects are images, containers, and services. [22] A Docker container is a standardized, encapsulated environment that runs applications. [25] A container is managed using the Docker API or CLI. [22] A Docker image is a read-only template used to build containers. Images are used to store and ship applications.
A software based shadow page table is a common solution to reduce translation overhead compared to double translation. Shadow page tables translate guest virtual addresses directly to host physical addresses. Each VM has a separate shadow page table and the hypervisor is in charge of managing them.
The company, which was purchased by Cisco earlier this year for $3.7 billion, wants to help customers using Docker containers pinpoint performance issues. The problem with containers is that there ...
^ OS-level virtualization is described as "native" speed, however some groups have found overhead as high as 3% for some operations, but generally figures come under 1%, so long as secondary effects do not appear. ^ See [20] for a paper comparing performance of paravirtualization approaches (e.g. Xen) with OS-level virtualization
Kernel page-table isolation (KPTI or PTI, [1] previously called KAISER) [2] [3] is a Linux kernel feature that mitigates the Meltdown security vulnerability (affecting mainly Intel's x86 CPUs) [4] and improves kernel hardening against attempts to bypass kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR).
Docker uses file systems inspired by Unionfs, such as Aufs, to layer Docker images. As actions are done to a base image, layers are created and documented, such that each layer fully describes how to recreate an action. This strategy enables Docker's lightweight images, as only layer updates need to be propagated (compared to full VMs, for ...
Zones induce a very low overhead on CPU and memory. Most types of zones share the global zone's virtual address space. A zone can be assigned to a resource pool (processor set plus scheduling class) to guarantee certain usage, can be capped at a fixed compute capacity ("capped CPU") or can be given shares via fair-share scheduling .