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Natural gas burning on a gas stove Burning of natural gas coming out of the ground. Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas, or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) [1] in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.
A natural-gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Austria. Natural-gas processing is a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing contaminants such as solids, water, carbon dioxide (CO 2), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mercury and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce pipeline quality dry natural gas [1] for pipeline distribution and final use. [2]
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fuel gas mainly composed of methane (CH 4), compressed to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 20–25 megapascals (2,900–3,600 psi; 200–250 bar), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes.
In contrast, wet natural gas also contains significant portions of other liquids such as ethane, propane or butane (also known as Natural Gas Liquids). Wet natural gas is used for petrochemicals as well as gasoline (petrol). In 2023, the United States has led the world in both natural gas production and natural gas exports.
Natural-gas condensate, also called natural gas liquids, is a low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas produced from many natural gas fields.
The natural gas fed into the LNG plant will be treated to remove water, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, benzene and other components that will freeze under the low temperatures needed for storage or be destructive to the liquefaction facility.
Methane is the predominant component of natural gas. C 6 through C 10 alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons are the main components of gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel, and specialized industrial solvent mixtures.
There is a wide range of standards relating to the manufacture, use and testing of pressurised gas cylinders and related components. Some examples are listed here. ISO 11439: Gas cylinders — High-pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles [28]