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The distribution of medications has special drug safety and security considerations. [1] Some drugs require cold chain management in their distribution. [2] The industry uses track and trace technology, though the timings for implementation and the information required vary across different countries, with varying laws and standards. [citation ...
The Prescription Drug Marketing Act (PDMA) of 1987 (P.L. 100-293, 102 Stat. 95) is a law of the United States federal government.It establishes legal safeguards for prescription drug distribution to ensure safe and effective pharmaceuticals and is designed to discourage the sale of counterfeit, adulterated, misbranded, sub potent, and expired prescription drugs.
Title II, the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA), established requirements to facilitate the tracing of prescription drug products through the pharmaceutical supply distribution chain. These requirements included a ten-year timeline culminating in the building of "an electronic, interoperable system to identify and trace certain ...
Specialty pharmacy refers to distribution channels designed to handle specialty drugs — pharmaceutical therapies that are either high cost, [1] [2] [3] high complexity [3] and/or high touch. [2] High touch refers to higher degree of complexity in terms of distribution, administration, or patient management which drives up the cost of the drugs.
Pharmaceutical policy is a branch of health policy that deals with the development, provision and use of medications within a health care system. It embraces drugs (both brand name and generic), biologics (products derived from living sources, as opposed to chemical compositions), vaccines and natural health products .
PBMs negotiate price discounts from retail pharmacies, rebates from pharmaceutical manufacturers, and mail-service pharmacies which home-deliver prescriptions without consulting face-to-face with a pharmacist. [15] Pharmacy benefit management companies can make revenue in several ways.
The history of pharmacy has lagged behind other fields in the history of science and medicine, perhaps because primary sources in the field are sparse. [5] Historical inquiries in this area have been few, and unlike the growing number of programs in the history of medicine, history of pharmacy programs remain few in number in the United States. [6]
The pharmaceutical sciences are a group of interdisciplinary areas of study concerned with the design, manufacturing, action, delivery, and classification of drugs. They apply knowledge from chemistry ( inorganic , physical , biochemical and analytical ), biology ( anatomy , physiology , biochemistry , cell biology , and molecular biology ...