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  2. Pascal's wager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_wager

    These are people who know the way which you would follow, and who are cured of an ill of which you would be cured. Follow the way by which they began; by acting as if they believed, taking the holy water, having masses said, etc.

  3. French philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_philosophy

    French philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in the French language, has been extremely diverse and has influenced Western philosophy as a whole for centuries, from the medieval scholasticism of Peter Abelard, through the founding of modern philosophy by René Descartes, to 20th century philosophy of science, existentialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and postmodernism.

  4. Ressentiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ressentiment

    In philosophy, ressentiment (/ r ə ˌ s ɒ̃. t i ˈ m ɒ̃ /; French pronunciation: [ʁə.sɑ̃.ti.mɑ̃] ⓘ) is one of the forms of resentment or hostility.The concept was of particular interest to some 19th-century thinkers, most notably Friedrich Nietzsche.

  5. Louis Lavelle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Lavelle

    Louis Lavelle (/ l ɑː ˈ v ɛ l /; French:; July 15, 1883 – September 1, 1951) was a French philosopher, considered one of the greatest French metaphysicians of the twentieth century. [3] His magnum opus , La Dialectique de l'éternel présent (1922), is a systematic metaphysical work.

  6. Voltaire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire

    Nothing is more terrible than a people who, having nothing to lose, fight in the united spirit of rapine and of religion. [202] In a 1745 letter recommending the play to Pope Benedict XIV, Voltaire described Muhammad as "the founder of a false and barbarous sect" and "a false prophet". Voltaire wrote: "Your holiness will pardon the liberty ...

  7. Simulacra and Simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulacra_and_Simulation

    Simulacra and Simulation (French: Simulacres et Simulation) is a 1981 philosophical treatise by the philosopher and cultural theorist Jean Baudrillard, in which he seeks to examine the relationships between reality, symbols, and society, in particular the significations and symbolism of culture and media involved in constructing an understanding of shared existence.

  8. Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau

    Jean-Jacques Rousseau (UK: / ˈ r uː s oʊ /, US: / r uː ˈ s oʊ /; [1] [2] French: [ʒɑ̃ʒak ʁuso]; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher (), writer, and composer.. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational ...

  9. Julien Offray de La Mettrie - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie

    Julien Offray de La Mettrie (French: [ɔfʁɛ də la metʁi]; November 23, 1709 [1] – November 11, 1751) was a French physician and philosopher, and one of the earliest of the French materialists of the Enlightenment. He is best known for his 1747 work L'homme machine (Man a Machine). [2]