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The Daur Mongol scholar Urgunge Onon published the first translation into English by a native Mongolian in 1990, based on a 1980 Inner Mongolian version by Eldengtei. This was republished as The Secret History of the Mongols: The Life and Times of Chinggis Khan in 2001. A further English translation by Christopher P. Atwood appeared in 2023.
The English translation by John Krueger is called The Bejeweled Summary of the Origin of the Khan: A History of the Eastern Mongols to 1662. [4] It is generally regarded by nearly all ancient Mongolists as a primary source of accurate Mongol history. The names in this work were reputed to be uncorrupted.
Mongolian literature is literature written in Mongolia and/or in the Mongolian language. It was greatly influenced by and evolved from its nomadic oral storytelling traditions , [ 1 ] and it originated in the 13th century . [ 2 ]
Although the military feudal system of Mongolia of the pre-Qing epoch is considered to have been a class society in which an ordinary Mongol was expected to obey his feudal lord as a soldier obeys a commander, [39] it was during the Qing rule when serfdom was effectively introduced to the Mongolian society for the first time. There were 3 forms ...
Its full title is Herein is contained the Golden Summary of the Principles of Statecraft as established by the Ancient Khans. The work is also named the Lu Altan Tobchi (Mongolian script: Lu Altan Tobči; [1] Mongolian Cyrillic: Лу Алтан товч, Lu Altan tovch) after its author to distinguish it from previous works with similar titles.
The development of Mongolian studies in China in the early years after the establishment of the People's Republic of China drew heavily on Russian works. [9] One of the first tertiary-level centres for Mongolian studies in China, the Institute of Mongolia at Inner Mongolia University, was founded in 1964. [10]
The Keraites first entered history as the ruling faction of the Zubu, a large confederacy of tribes that dominated Mongolia during the 11th and 12th centuries and often fought with the Liao dynasty of north China, which controlled much of Mongolia at the time. It is unclear whether the Keraites should be classified as Turkic or Mongol in origin.
The report gives a narrative of his journey, what he had learned about Mongol history, as well as Mongol customs of the time. Giovanni, as the first European at the time to have visited Mongolia and returned to talk about it, became somewhat of a celebrity upon returning to Europe.