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Mesenchyme (/ ˈ m ɛ s ə n k aɪ m ˈ m iː z ən-/ [1]) is a type of loosely organized animal embryonic connective tissue of undifferentiated cells that give rise to most tissues, such as skin, blood or bone. [2] [3] The interactions between mesenchyme and epithelium help to form nearly every organ in the developing embryo. [4]
The mesonephros functions between the 6th and 10th weeks of embryological life of mammals as a temporary kidney, but serves as the permanent excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates. By 8 weeks post- conception , the human mesonephros reaches maximum size and begins to regress, with complete regression occurring by week 16. [ 6 ]
The mesohyl, formerly known as mesenchyme or as mesoglea, is the gelatinous matrix within a sponge. It fills the space between the external pinacoderm and the internal choanoderm . The mesohyl resembles a type of connective tissue and contains several amoeboid cells such as amebocytes , as well as fibrils and skeletal elements.
Epithelial and mesenchymal cells differ in phenotype as well as function, though both share inherent plasticity. [2] Epithelial cells are closely connected to each other by tight junctions, gap junctions and adherens junctions, have an apico-basal polarity, polarization of the actin cytoskeleton and are bound by a basal lamina at their basal ...
The genital ridge initially consists mainly of mesenchyme and cells of underlying mesonephric origin. Once oogonia [clarification needed] enter this area they attempt to associate with these somatic cells. Development proceeds and the oogonia become fully surrounded by a layer of cells (pre-granulosa cells).
The mesenchyme, through FGF10 secretion, is involved in a positive feedback loop with the AER, through FGF8 secretion. FGF8 – Secreted by the AER cells. Acts upon the mesenchymal cells, to maintain their proliferative state. Also induces the mesenchymal cells to secrete FGF10, which acts through WNT3A to sustain the AER's expression of FGF8.
] Myogenesis is specifically a function of mesenchyme. The mesoderm differentiates from the rest of the embryo through intercellular signaling, after which the mesoderm is polarized by an organizing center. [3] The position of the organizing center is in turn determined by the regions in which beta-catenin is protected from degradation by GSK-3 ...
The mesothelium is a membrane composed of simple squamous epithelial cells of mesodermal origin, [2] which forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (pleural cavity around the lungs), peritoneum (abdominopelvic cavity including the mesentery, omenta, falciform ligament and the perimetrium) and pericardium (around the heart).