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An 1855 engraving of New York's Sing Sing Penitentiary, which also followed the Auburn System. The Auburn system (also known as the New York system and Congregate system) is an American penal method of the 19th century in which prisoners worked during the day in groups and were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times.
The Auburn system's combination of congregate labor in prison workshops and solitary confinement by night became a near-universal ideal in United States prison systems, if not an actual reality. Under the Auburn system, prisoners slept alone at night and labored together in a congregate workshop during the day for the entirety of their fixed ...
Constructed in 1816 [5] as Auburn Prison, it was the second state prison in New York (after New York City's Newgate, 1797–1828), the site of the first execution by electric chair in 1890, and the namesake of the "Auburn system," a correctional system in which prisoners were housed in solitary confinement in large rectangular buildings, and ...
The Auburn State Prison's South Wing was opened in the Spring of 1817, and fifty-three prisoners were transferred there from nearby counties. [3] Lynds was made the first principal keeper, and four years afterwards he became Warden of Auburn State Prison. Lynds devised the main features of the Auburn System of imprisonment. [4]
The Pennsylvania system was opposed contemporaneously by the Auburn system (also known as the New York system), which held that prisoners should be forced to work together in silence, and could be subjected to physical punishment (Sing Sing prison was an example of the Auburn system). Although the Auburn system was favored in the United States ...
The Pennsylvania system was based on the idea that complete isolation would promote reformation. The prisoners were kept in solitary confinement, and their only interaction consisted of occasional contact with the guards. The Auburn system developed as an alternative to the Pennsylvania system and gradually replaced its predecessor.
Striped prison uniforms commonly used in the 19th century (the Auburn system) began to be abolished in parts of the United States early in the 20th century because their continued use as a badge of shame was considered undesirable. [24] Throughout most of the twentieth century, attitudes were different towards philosophies of rehabilitation.
Modern US prison healthcare arose after events like the Arkansas prison scandal of 1968 revealed the corruption of the Trusty system and unethical medical research conducted on prisoners. [34] [35] Spates of prison uprisings and campaigns for prisoners' rights pressured the US prison system to change.