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  2. Fundamental rights in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_rights_in_India

    These rights are known as "fundamental" as they are the most essential for all-round development i.e., material, intellectual, moral and spiritual and protected by fundamental law of the land i.e. constitution. If the rights provided by Constitution especially the fundamental rights are violated, the Supreme Court and the High Courts can issue ...

  3. Constitution of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India

    The Constitution of India was first translated from English into Bengali language and published in 1983, as ভারতের সংবিধান (romanised: "Bharoter Songbidhan") in Kolkata, through the collective efforts of the Government of West Bengal and the Union Government of India. Its second edition was published in 1987, and third ...

  4. Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the...

    The Official Languages Act, 1963 which came into effect on 26 January 1965, made provision for the continuation of English as an official language alongside Hindi. [2] In 1968, the official language resolution was passed by the Parliament of India. As per the resolution, the Government of India was obligated to take measures for the development ...

  5. Languages with legal status in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_with_legal...

    An additional official language in West Bengal [33] [34] Major spoken language in Northern India, and one of the official languages of the Government of India along with English. 1950 Devanagari Kannada: 43.7: Official language of Karnataka. 1950 Kannada script: Kashmiri: 6.8: Official language of Jammu and Kashmir [30] 1950

  6. Civil liberties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_liberties

    The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees in theory many of the same rights and civil liberties as the U.S. except to bear arms, i.e.: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of association and assembly, freedom to choose language, to due process, to a fair trial, privacy, freedom to vote, right for education, etc.

  7. Constitutional right - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_right

    A constitutional right can be a prerogative or a duty, a power or a restraint of power, recognized and established by a sovereign state or union of states. Constitutional rights may be expressly stipulated in a national constitution, or they may be inferred from the language of a national constitution, which is the supreme law of the land, meaning that laws that contradict it are considered ...

  8. Twenty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_of...

    BE it enacted by Parliament in the Eighteenth Year of the Republic of India as follows:— 1. Short title This Act may be called the Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967. 2. Amendment of Eighth Schedule In the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution— (a) entries 12 to 14, shall be re-numbered as entries 13 to 15 respectively, and

  9. Second Amendment of the Constitution of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Amendment_of_the...

    BE it enacted by Parliament as follows:- . 1. Short title This Act may be called the Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1952.. 2. Amendment of article 81 In sub-clause (b) of clause (1) of article 81 of the Constitution, the words and figures "not less than one member for every 750,000 of the population and" shall be omitted.