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Robertsonian translocation (ROB) is a chromosomal abnormality where the entire long arms of two different chromosomes become fused to each other. It is the most common form of chromosomal translocation in humans, affecting 1 out of every 1,000 babies born. [ 1 ]
William Rees Brebner Robertson (31 May 1881 - 15 March 1941) was an American zoologist and early cytogeneticist who discovered the chromosomal rearrangement named in his honour, Robertsonian translocation, the most common structural chromosomal abnormalities seen in humans that result in syndromes of multiple malformations, including trisomy 13 Patau syndrome and trisomy 21 Down syndrome.
The extra chromosome 21 material that causes Down syndrome may be due to a Robertsonian translocation. The long arm of chromosome 21 is attached to the long arm of another chromosome, often chromosome 14 [46,XX,t(14;21)] or itself [called an isochromosome, 45,XX,t(21;21)(q10;q10)] as seen in the translocation karyotype figure.
Chromosomal reciprocal translocation of the 4th and 20th chromosome. In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes balanced and unbalanced translocation, with two main types: reciprocal, and Robertsonian translocation.
The extra chromosome 21 material may also occur due to a Robertsonian translocation in 2–4% of cases. [91] [101] In this translocation Down syndrome, the long arm of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome, often chromosome 14. [102] In a male affected with Down syndrome, it results in a karyotype of 46XY,t(14q21q).
Translocation may refer to: Chromosomal translocation, a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts Robertsonian translocation, a chromosomal rearrangement in pairs 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22; Nonreciprocal translocation, transfer of genes from one chromosome to another; PEP group translocation, a method used by bacteria for sugar uptake
The formation of dicentric chromosomes has been attributed to genetic processes, such as Robertsonian translocation [1] and paracentric inversion. [2] Dicentric chromosomes have important roles in the mitotic stability of chromosomes and the formation of pseudodicentric chromosomes.
The study confirmed the presence of the chromosome translocation known as Robertsonian translocation (1;29), a widespread evolutionary marker common to all known tragelaphid species. [28] An accidental mating between a male giant eland and a female kudu produced a male offspring, but it was azoospermic.