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In vertebrate embryos, the ectoderm can be divided into two parts: the dorsal surface ectoderm also known as the external ectoderm, and the neural plate, which invaginates to form the neural tube and neural crest. [4] The surface ectoderm gives rise to most epithelial tissues, and the neural plate gives rise to most neural tissues.
Toggle Cells derived from ectoderm subsection. 1.1 Surface ectoderm. ... Bones; Eponymous; Foramina; ... List of distinct cell types in the adult human body ...
Vertebrates develop a neural crest that differentiates into many structures, including bones, muscles, and components of the central nervous system. Differentiation of the ectoderm into the neural crest, neural tube, and surface ectoderm is sometimes referred to as neurulation and the embryo in this phase is the neurula.
The ectoderm generates the outer layer of the embryo, and it forms from the embryo's epiblast. [13] The ectoderm develops into the surface ectoderm, neural crest, and the neural tube. [14] The surface ectoderm develops into: epidermis, hair, nails, lens of the eye, sebaceous glands, cornea, tooth enamel, the epithelium of the mouth and nose.
The ectoderm divides to form a flat layer of cells on the surface known as the periderm. Further division forms the individual layers of the epidermis. The mesenchyme that will form the dermis is derived from three sources: The mesenchyme that forms the dermis in the limbs and body wall derives from the lateral plate mesoderm
In embryogenesis, the skeletal system is derived from the mesoderm and ectoderm germ layers. Chondrification (also known as chondrogenesis) is the process by which cartilage is formed from condensed mesenchyme tissue, [2] which differentiates into chondrocytes and begins secreting the molecules that form the extracellular matrix.
Neuroectoderm (or neural ectoderm or neural tube epithelium) consists of cells derived from the ectoderm. Formation of the neuroectoderm is the first step in the development of the nervous system . [ 1 ]
The neural crest is a ridge-like structure that is formed transiently between the epidermal ectoderm and neural plate during vertebrate development. Neural crest cells originate from this structure through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, dentin, peripheral and enteric ...