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The US Standard ASHRAE 62.1-2007: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, only requires 4% of net floor area to be operable. This creates the potential for increased energy consumption where natural ventilation is provided by operable windows where supplemental air conditioning is provided, in addition to generally poor control over ventilation rates during hot summer or cold winter ...
These motors are sometimes called DC motors, sometimes EC motors and occasionally DC/EC motors. DC stands for direct current and EC stands for electronically commutated.. DC motors allow the speed of the fans within a fan coil unit to be controlled by means of a 0-10 Volt input control signal to the motor/s, the transformers and speed switches associated with AC fan coils are not required.
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
Heaters are appliances whose purpose is to generate heat (i.e. warmth) for the building. This can be done via central heating. Such a system contains a boiler, furnace, or heat pump to heat water, steam, or air in a central location such as a furnace room in a home, or a mechanical room in a large building.
Each room has an outlet from the duct system, often mounted in the floor or low on the wall – some rooms will also have an opening into the cold air return duct. Depending on the age of the system, forced-air gas furnaces use either a pilot light or a solid-state ignition system (spark or hot surface ignition) to light the natural gas burner. [3]
Air sealing can improve the energy efficiency of a building by minimizing the amount of energy needed to heat or cool the building. This is especially pertinent in cold-climate buildings where space heating consumes the largest amount of energy. [9] A blower door test can be used to test the quality of the air sealing of the building envelope.
A steam heating system takes advantage of the high latent heat which is given off when steam condenses to liquid water. In a steam heating system, each room is equipped with a radiator which is connected to a source of low-pressure steam (a boiler). Steam entering the radiator condenses and gives up its latent heat, returning to liquid water.
Reduced heat flow also helps prevent condensation [3] [4] [5] which is triggered when the temperature of the inside surface falls below the dew point. Assuming an outside temperature of 0 °C with wind velocity 7 m/s (15 mph; 24 km/h) and inside temperature 20 °C condensation occurs at only 30%RH relative humidity with a single-glazed system ...