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A perforated eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation) is a prick in the eardrum. It can be caused by infection (otitis media), trauma, overpressure (loud noise), inappropriate ear clearing, and changes in middle ear pressure. An otoscope can be used to view the eardrum to diagnose a perforation. Perforations may heal naturally or require surgery.
The term 'myringoplasty' refers to repair of the tympanic membrane alone. [3] There are several options for treating a perforated eardrum. If the perforation is from recent trauma, many ear, nose and throat specialists will elect to watch and see if it heals on its own. After that, surgery may be considered.
Patients with tympanic membrane rupture may experience bleeding, tinnitus, hearing loss, or disequilibrium . However, they rarely require medical intervention, as between 80 and 95 percent of ruptures recover completely within two to four weeks. [13] [14] [15] The prognosis becomes more guarded as the force of injury increases. [15]
The oval perforation in this left tympanic membrane was the result of a slap on the ear four days previously. The sudden increased air pressure in the external auditory canal produced this traumatic blast perforation. Acoustic trauma is the sustainment of an injury to the eardrum as a result of a very loud noise.
In severe cases, middle ear hemorrhage or tympanic membrane rupture can result. [16] Tympanic membrane rupture: disruption of the eardrum. This can be caused by a blow to the ear, blast injury, barotrauma, or direct penetration of the tympanic membrane by an object entering the ear. [5]
Even though the perforation of the tympanic membrane suggests a highly painful and traumatic process, it is almost always associated with a dramatic relief of pressure and pain. In a simple case of acute otitis media in an otherwise healthy person, the body's defenses are likely to resolve the infection and the ear drum nearly always heals.
Treatment High-dose oral antibiotics Bullous myringitis haemorrhagica or bullous myringitis is a painful medical condition characterized by an infection of the eardrum or tympanic membrane .Bullous myringitis is an infection on or around the tympanic membrane that results in fluid-filled blisters that look like bubbles.
Myringoplasty is the closure of the perforation of pars tensa of the tympanic membrane. [1] [2] [3] When myringoplasty is combined with removal of scar tissue, it is called tympanoplasty. The operation is performed with the patient supine and face turned to one side. The graft material most commonly used for the surgery is temporalis fascia.