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PZ-601 is a carbapenem antibiotic currently being tested as having a broad spectrum of activity including strains resistant to other carbapenems. Despite early Phase II promise, Novartis (who acquired PZ-601 in a merger deal with Protez Pharmaceuticals) recently dropped PZ-601, citing a high rate of adverse events in testing.
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
In general, carbapenem, a β-lactam antibiotic, targets cells by inhibiting transpeptidases (penicillin-binding proteins). This prevents synthesis of peptidoglycan, a necessary structural component, leading to cell lysis. Resistance to carbapenem among Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacteria can be acquired through several mechanisms.
Meropenem, sold under the brand name Merrem among others, is an intravenous carbapenem antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. [3] Some of these include meningitis, intra-abdominal infection, pneumonia, sepsis, and anthrax.
The carbapenems were developed to overcome antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. However, the bla NDM-1 gene produces NDM-1, which is a carbapenemase beta-lactamase - an enzyme that hydrolyzes and inactivates these carbapenem antibiotics. [citation needed]
Tebipenem (brand name Orapenem) is a broad-spectrum orally-administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics.It was developed as a replacement drug to combat bacteria that had acquired antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
Carbapenems; Ertapenem: Invanz: Bactericidal for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and therefore useful for empiric broad-spectrum antibacterial coverage. (Notes: MRSA resistance to this class. All are active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa except ertapenem.) Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea; Nausea; Seizures; Headache; Rash and ...