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A Mediterranean climate (/ ˌ m ɛ d ɪ t ə ˈ r eɪ n i ən / MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).
Summer temperatures - above 20 °C (68 °F) - begin as early as May, although in this month the sea temperature is still mild: around 17–18 °C (63–64 °F). The summer season ends in October. Over the summer season (4 months), the average temperatures is 26–29 °C (79–84 °F) during the day and the average sea temperature is 23 °C (73 ...
Temperatures vary according to latitude, longitude, and proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. While temperatures can drop below 0 degrees Celsius in the winter in the Khemer Mountains (Kroumirie), the maximum temperature often rises to around 50 degrees Celsius in the desert regions in the summer. Average annual rainfall also varies by region ...
In June and September on the coast the average maximum temperature is usually around 28–30 °C (82–86 °F) during the day and around 18–20 °C (64–68 °F) at night. While large temperature fluctuations are rare on the coast, the centre of Cyprus has more variations – typically colder winters and hotter summers. [3]
The average annual temperature in the mainland varies from less than 2.5 °C (36.5 °F) in the north of the Pyrenees, close to the border with France, to more than 20 °C (68 °F). on small regions of Mediterranean coast on Almeria, Granada and Malaga provinces, reaching as high as 20.6 °C (69.1 °F) in Rincón de la Victoria.
In the warmest month - August - the typical temperature ranges from 25–31 °C (77–88 °F) during the day, and averages 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) at night, and the average sea temperature is 22 °C (72 °F). The average number of days above 21 °C (70 °F) is 181, average number of days above 32 °C (90 °F) is 5-6 (2 in July, 3 in August).
Increase of average yearly temperature (2000–2017) above the 20th century average in selected cities in Europe [21] Climate change has resulted in an increase in temperature of 2.3 °C (4.14 °F) (2022) in Europe compared to pre-industrial levels. Europe is the fastest warming continent in the world. [22]
A temperature of 38 °C (100 °F) is only seen around once every ten years. [2] Despite this, Istanbul's summer climate is generally seen as relatively uncomfortable, largely due to persistently high dew points; most thermal comfort indices rate July and August to be less comfortable overall than June and September. [4]