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Anosmia, also known as smell blindness, is the loss of the ability to detect one or more smells. [1] [2] Anosmia may be temporary or permanent. [3] It differs from hyposmia, which is a decreased sensitivity to some or all smells. [2] Anosmia can be categorized into acquired anosmia and congenital anosmia.
Hypoxia can be due to external causes, when the breathing gas is hypoxic, or internal causes, such as reduced effectiveness of gas transfer in the lungs, reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, compromised general or local perfusion, or inability of the affected tissues to extract oxygen from, or metabolically process, an adequate supply ...
Anosmia is the inability to perceive odor, or in other words a lack of functioning olfaction.Many patients may experience unilateral or bilateral anosmia. A temporary loss of smell can be caused by a blocked nose or infection. In contrast, a permanent loss of smell may be caused by death of olfactory receptor neurons in the nose or by brain injury in which there is damage to the
Hypoxemia is usually defined in terms of reduced partial pressure of oxygen (mm Hg) in arterial blood, but also in terms of reduced content of oxygen (ml oxygen per dl blood) or percentage saturation of hemoglobin (the oxygen-binding protein within red blood cells) with oxygen, which is either found singly or in combination. [2] [5]
Odorants are small molecules present in the environment that bind receptors on the surface of cells called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). [3] ORNs are present in the olfactory epithelium which lines the nasal cavity and are able to signal due to an internal balance of signal molecules which vary in concentration depending on the presence or absence an odorant.
This risk is caused due to air hunger being reduced (due to low blood carbon dioxide levels) but oxygen levels not being increased. In fact hypocapnia reduces the oxygen levels available to the brain due to the elevated affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin (Bohr effect) hence highly increasing the chances of blackout. [citation needed]
Due to a lack of stratification, the prevalence of hypogeusia, as well as hyposmia, may not be accurately known. [2] Additionally, reviews do not always make distinctions between ageusia and hypogeusia, often classifying them as the same in certain circumstances and studies. [3] The severity of the loss of taste from hypogeusia is not clearly ...
Situations that can cause asphyxia include but are not limited to: airway obstruction, the constriction or obstruction of airways, such as from asthma, laryngospasm, or simple blockage from the presence of foreign materials; from being in environments where oxygen is not readily accessible: such as underwater, in a low oxygen atmosphere, or in a vacuum; environments where sufficiently ...