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The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was developed by Kathryn M. Connor and Jonathan R.T. Davidson as a means of assessing resilience. [1] The CD-RISC is based on Connor and Davidson's operational definition of resilience, which is the ability to "thrive in the face of adversity."
Psychological resilience, or mental resilience, is the ability to cope mentally and emotionally with a crisis, or to return to pre-crisis status quickly. [1]The term was popularized in the 1970s and 1980s by psychologist Emmy Werner as she conducted a forty-year-long study of a cohort of Hawaiian children who came from low socioeconomic status backgrounds.
The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities has been used in many different research studies: ". . . use to evaluate the effects of nutritional supplements given to nursing mothers on the development of the nursing infants, the effects of air-pollution on children's cognitive developments, and the effects of early intervention on the cognitive development of preterm infants."
Researchers have proposed three different levels of stress seen in children during early childhood; positive, tolerable and toxic. [1] [9]Positive stress is necessary and promotes resilience, or the ability to function competently under threat. [13]
Individual resilience gradually moved into understanding the processes associated with overcoming adversity, then into prevention and intervention and now focuses on examining how factors at multiple levels of the system (e.g., molecular, individual, family, community) and using interdisciplinary approaches (e.g., medical, social services ...
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a screening questionnaire for emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents ages 2 through 17 years old, developed by child psychiatrist Robert N. Goodman in the United Kingdom.
Each form of the BRIEF parent- and teacher- rating form contains 86 items in eight non-overlapping clinical scales and two validity scales.These theoretically and statistically derived scales form two indexes: Behavioral Regulation (three scales) and Metacognition (five scales), as well as a Global Executive Composite [6] score that takes into account all of the clinical scales and represents ...
Childhood traumatic experiences diminish psychological well-being throughout adult life, and can damage psychological resilience in children, adolescents, and adults. [10] Perceived stigma also diminished psychological well-being, particularly stigma in relation to obesity and other physical ailments or disabilities. [11]