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Episodic memory is the memory of everyday events (such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual information) that can be explicitly stated or conjured. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at particular times and places; for example, the party on one's 7th birthday. [ 1 ]
Normal aging is associated with a gradual decline in some types of memory, including episodic memory and working memory (or short-term memory). Because the hippocampus is thought to play a central role in memory, there has been considerable interest in the possibility that age-related declines could be caused by hippocampal deterioration. [133]
The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe (subcortical), and is an infolding of the medial temporal cortex. [1] The hippocampus plays an important role in the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory during encoding and retrieval stages. These stages do not need to occur successively, but are, as studies ...
The hippocampus has been shown to become active in semantic and episodic memory. [70] The effects of Alzheimer's disease are seen in the episodic part of explicit memory. This can lead to problems with communication. A study was conducted where Alzheimer's patients were asked to name a variety of objects from different periods.
Under declarative memory resides semantic and episodic memory. Semantic memory refers to memory that is encoded with specific meaning. [2] Meanwhile, episodic memory refers to information that is encoded along a spatial and temporal plane. [11] [12] [13] Declarative memory is usually the primary process thought of when referencing memory. [2]
Multiple trace theory (MTT) builds on the distinction between semantic memory and episodic memory and addresses perceived shortcomings of the standard model with respect to the dependency of the hippocampus. MTT argues that the hippocampus is always involved in the retrieval and storage of episodic memories. [21]
It has also been found that it is possible to form new semantic memories without the hippocampus, but not episodic memories, which means that explicit descriptions of actual events (episodic) cannot be learned, but some meaning and knowledge is gained from experiences (semantic).
Place cells play an important role in episodic memory. One important aspect of episodic memory is the spatial context in which the event occurred. [49] Hippocampal place cells have stable firing patterns even when cues from a location are removed and specific place fields begin firing when exposed to signals or a subset of signals from a ...