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On 27 August 1975, the Minister of Education and Culture issued a decree which provided a detailed explanation of the changes in the new system and marked the official use of the EYD system. [6] It was formerly known as the Indonesian Spelling System ( Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia , EBI ), often referred to as the Indonesian Spelling System General ...
The reduplicated words could be written using the numeral 2, for example ubur2, ber-main2 and ke-barat2-an. Both the prefix di-and the preposition di were written without a space after the preposition or prefix. Thus, the preposition di (for example dirumah and disawah) was not differentiated from the prefix di-(for example dibeli and dimakan).
[2] The new spelling system, known as 'New Rumi Spelling' in Malaysia and 'Perfected Spelling System' in Indonesia, was officially announced in both countries on 16 August 1972. [3] Although the representations of speech sounds are now largely identical in the Indonesian and Malaysian varieties, a number of minor spelling differences remain.
This saves the recipient's time because they then do not have to open the email. A [1] at the start of the subject line, meaning "one-liner", means the same. Also EOM, above. TLTR, meaning Too Long to read. Used in some corporate emails to request that the email sender re-writes the email body shorter; TBF, meaning (1) To be Forwarded. Used in ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
c.m.s. cras mane sumendus: to be taken tomorrow morning c̄, c. cum: with (usually written with a bar on top of the c) cib. cibus: food c.c. cum cibo: with food [or] cubic centimetre: mistaken for U, meaning units; also has an ambiguous meaning; use "mL" or "millilitres" (1 cm 3 = 1 mL) cf. confer compare c.n. cras nocte: tomorrow night cochl ...
The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was the Romanized standard orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. [1] Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ) did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script .
A period (a.k.a. full stop) is sometimes used to signify abbreviation, but opinion is divided as to when and if this convention is best practice. According to Hart's Rules , a word shortened by dropping letters from the end terminates with a period, whereas a word shorted by dropping letters from the middle does not.