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Those clerics who reach the apex in the hierarchy of theological rank in the centers of Shi'a learning become marja-i taqlids. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] Since around 1940, marja-i taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of Ayatollah al-`Uzma (Grand Ayatollah – "ayatollah" meaning "sign of God"). [ 2 ]
By Shia theological doctrine, since the people have come from God, they will go back to God, and it is related to people's reaction to the prophecy. [133] They argue that according to the Quran, 23: 115 , God, whose actions are the absolute truth, does not create a man without any purpose.
[4] [5] The Imams are also guided by preserved texts in their possession, such as al-Jafr, al-Jamia, and unaltered past books the Torah and Injeel. Imamat, or belief in the divine guide, is a fundamental belief in the Twelver Shia doctrine and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. [6]
Shia believe that the study of Islamic literature is a continual process, and is necessary for identifying all of God's laws. [ citation needed ] They believe that the process of finding God's laws from the available Islamic literature will facilitate dealing with any circumstance.
According to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ali, the first Shia Imam, is credited with having established Islamic theology and his quotations contain the first rational proofs among Muslims of the Unity of God. [12] Ali expresses that "God is One" means that he is away from likeness and numeration and he is not divisible even in imagination. [13] He says:
[1] [2] Accordingly, they have the power to commit sin but by their nature are able to avoid doing so, which is regarded as a miraculous gift from God. [3] The Infallibles are believed to follow only God's desire in their actions because of their supreme righteousness, consciousness, and love for God. [ 4 ]
Marja ' (Arabic: مرجع, romanized: marjiʿ ; plural marājiʿ ; lit. ' source to follow ' or ' religious reference ') is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Islamic law for followers and clerics below him in rank.
Al-Irshad (Persian: ارشاد), also called the Book of Guidance into the Lives of the 12 Imams, [1] is a biography of the lives of the 12 Shia Imams. It describes their historical circumstances, miracles and virtues. [2] The book also includes evidence for Imamates among Shia.