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The xor–encrypt–xor (XEX) is a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. In tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext stealing , it is one of the more popular modes of operation for whole-disk encryption. XEX is also a common form of key whitening, and part of some smart card proposals. [1] [2]
Another tweakable encryption mode, XEX (xor–encrypt–xor), was designed by Rogaway [11] to allow efficient processing of consecutive blocks (with respect to the cipher used) within one data unit (e.g., a disk sector).
If the IV/nonce is random, then they can be combined with the counter using any invertible operation (concatenation, addition, or XOR) to produce the actual unique counter block for encryption. In case of a non-random nonce (such as a packet counter), the nonce and counter should be concatenated (e.g., storing the nonce in the upper 64 bits and ...
In cryptography, the simple XOR cipher is a type of additive cipher, [1] an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } 0 = A, A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } A = 0,
Xor–encrypt–xor (XEX), a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. Morimoto XEX, the Michelin Star-winning Tokyo restaurant of Masaharu Morimoto..XEX, a type of file used for video games or other applications developed for the Microsoft Xbox 360 game console. It is designed to run on an Xbox 360 and is not meant to be opened on a PC.
The most common form of key whitening is xor-encrypt-xor-- using a simple XOR before the first round and after the last round of encryption. The first block cipher to use a form of key whitening is DES-X , which simply uses two extra 64-bit keys for whitening, beyond the normal 56-bit key of DES .
An encryption algorithm used for data storage has to support independent encryption and decryption of portions of data. So-called narrow-block algorithms operate on relatively small portions of data, while the wide-block algorithms encrypt or decrypt a whole sector. Narrow-block algorithms have the advantage of more efficient hardware ...
The ciphertext C is contained in the first r bits of the result of the XOR. Decryption is near-identical to encryption. [ 8 ] The final stage that produces the tag T consists of another application of p a {\displaystyle p^{a}} ; the special values are XORed into the last c bits after the initialization, the end of A, and before the finalization.