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English: Schematic diagram of the basic unit of immunoglobulin (antibody) Fab; Fc; heavy chain (consist of VH, CH1, hinge, CH2 and CH3 regions: from N-term) light chain (consist of VL and CL regions: from N-term) antigen binding site; hinge regions (*) -S-S-mean disulfide bonds.
Fcabs can be expressed as soluble proteins or they can be engineered back into a full IgG. This type of antibodies are therefore able to recognise two different antigens, one at their Fab region and a second one at the Fc region, hence the name of bispecific antibodies.
The universal structure of antibody includes the constant regions part of the fragment crystallizable(Fc) region of the antibody (shown in dark blue). It also includes the fragment antigen binding which is composed of one heavy and one light chain (shown as L for light and H for heavy).
The fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system. This region allows antibodies to activate the immune system , for example, through binding to Fc receptors .
In an experimental setting, Fc and Fab fragments can be generated in the laboratory. The enzyme papain can be used to cleave an immunoglobulin monomer into two Fab fragments and an Fc fragment. Conversely, the enzyme pepsin cleaves below the hinge region, so the result instead is a F(ab') 2 fragment and a pFc' fragment.
[1] [2] It is a small region at the tip of the antibody's antigen-binding fragment and contains parts of the antibody's heavy and light chains. [1] [2] Each paratope is made up of six complementarity-determining regions - three from each of the light and heavy chains - that extend from a fold of anti-parallel beta sheets. [2]
Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa-to-lambda ratio is roughly 2:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm. The free light chain ratio ranges from 0.26 to 1.65. [1]
An antibody fragment can be: a fragment antigen-binding (Fab) a fragment crystallizable (Fc) This page was last edited on 14 May 2022 ...