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A reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is a reference electrode, more specifically a subtype of the standard hydrogen electrodes, for electrochemical processes. Unlike the standard hydrogen electrode, its measured potential does change with the pH, so it can be directly used in the electrolyte. [1] [2] [3]
Common reference electrodes and potential with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE): Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) (E = 0.000 V) activity of H + = 1 Molar; Normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) (E ≈ 0.000 V) concentration H + = 1 Molar; Reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) (E = 0.000 V - 0.0591 × pH) at 25 °C
To measure the pH of a solution, the electrodes are used as probes, which are dipped into the test solutions and held there sufficiently long for the hydrogen ions in the test solution to equilibrate with the ions on the surface of the bulb on the glass electrode. This equilibration provides a stable pH measurement.
During the early development of electrochemistry, researchers used the normal hydrogen electrode as their standard for zero potential. This was convenient because it could actually be constructed by "[immersing] a platinum electrode into a solution of 1 N strong acid and [bubbling] hydrogen gas through the solution at about 1 atm pressure".
In aquatic environments, platinum is often used due to its high electron transfer kinetics, [5] although an electrode made from several metals can be used in order to enhance the electron transfer kinetics. [6] The most common potentiometric electrode is by far the glass-membrane electrode used in a pH meter.
Thus, the sensors can be sensitive to pH and antioxidants. As usual, the voltage in the cell was monitored using a working electrode and a reference electrode (silver/silver chloride electrode). [25] Furthermore, a platinum counter electrode allows the current to continue to flow during the experiment.
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