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Quality circles were originally described by W. Edwards Deming in the 1950s, Deming praised Toyota as an example of the practice. [11] The idea was later formalized across Japan in 1962 and expanded by others such as Kaoru Ishikawa. The Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) coordinated the movement in Japan.
The seven basic tools of quality are a fixed set of visual exercises identified as being most helpful in troubleshooting issues related to quality. [1] They are called basic because they are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics and because they can be used to solve the vast majority of quality-related issues.
Control charts are graphical plots used in production control to determine whether quality and manufacturing processes are being controlled under stable conditions. (ISO 7870-1) [1] The hourly status is arranged on the graph, and the occurrence of abnormalities is judged based on the presence of data that differs from the conventional trend or deviates from the control limit line.
The plan–do–check–act cycle. PDCA or plan–do–check–act (sometimes called plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative design and management method used in business for the control and continual improvement of processes and products. [1]
There are generally four classes of software used to support the Six Sigma process improvement protocol: . Analysis tools, which are used to perform statistical or process analysis;
The PSQCA was formed through the passage of the Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority Act, 1996 by the Parliament of Pakistan. [1] [2] [3]On Feb 16, 2022, the Senate Standing Committee on Science and Technology approved transfer of head office of Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) to Islamabad from Karachi.
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QCC is a digital conversion transform used to obtain excellent characterization of spectral peaks. This allows sensitivity beyond conventional spectroscopy by spreading out tightly spaced low-energy peaks and enhancing high-energy peaks for faster and easier search of energy lines across the spectrum.