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Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Jawi: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ , romanized: Kesultanan Riau-Lingga), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention.
[1] [2] Following the conquest of India by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), [3] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).
The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] The sultanate was established around c. 1206–1211 in the former Ghurid territories in India.
The Indonesian language, which is the country's official language and lingua franca, was based on Riau Malay, which despite its common name is not based on the vernacular Malay dialects of the Riau Islands, rather it represents a form of Classical Malay as used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Riau-Lingga Sultanate.
Penyengat Island was the royal seat of the once powerful Sultanate of Riau-Lingga, and it is famous for its viceroys of Riau during the 18th century conflict with European powers. Penyengat still bears the traces of its illustrious and mystic past. Despite being ruined and abandoned for almost 70 years, Penyengat has recently been restored.
Riau-Lingga Sultanate: 1824–1911: Christian kingdoms. Kingdom of Larantuka: 1515–1904: Kingdom of Siau: 1510–1956: Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow: 1670–1950:
The breakaway Riau-Lingga Sultanate would exist as a Dutch protectorate until 1911, when it was abolished by the Dutch colonial administration. In the Pahang Kingdom , the fourth raja bendahara, Tun Ali formally renounced his allegiance to the Sultan of Johor and became the independent ruler of Pahang in 1853.
By installing two sultans from the same kingdom, both the British and the Dutch effectively destroyed the Johor-Riau Sultanate. [54] [55] Under the treaty, Tengku Abdul Rahman was crowned as the Sultan of Riau-Lingga, bearing the name of Sultan Abdul Rahman, with the royal seat in Daik, Lingga. [56]