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The .45-70 (11.6x53mmR), also known as the .45-70 Government, .45-70 Springfield, and .45-2 1 ⁄ 10" Sharps, is a .45 caliber rifle cartridge originally holding 70 grains of black powder that was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873.
A reduced-power load of 55 grains (3.6 g) of powder (Carbine Load) was manufactured for use in the carbine to lighten recoil for mounted cavalry soldiers. The Springfield Model 1884 had a muzzle velocity of 1315.7 feet per second with a 500 grain lead bullet. The muzzle velocity of the carbine bullet was 1,150 feet per second.
The Model 1868 was also the first trapdoor conversion to use the cartridge extractor covered by U.S. Patent No. 68,009, issued August 27, 1867 to W.H. & G.W. Miller. The Model 1868 had an overall length of 51 7 ⁄ 8 inches. [1] Over 50,000 Model 1868 rifles were manufactured, chambered for the .50-70 450 cartridge.
In 2012 the company's 1873 Rifle won the "Best Repeating Rifle" category. [29] In 2011 Cimarron's 1873 Replica Lever Action Rifle earned Best Cowboy Action Gun. [30] 2010 saw the company earn Best Firearm of the West with their replica 1876 Winchester NWMP Carbine. [31]
In 1877, many changes were made to both the Model 1873 rifle and the Model 1873 carbine (the carbine was just a shorter version of the rifle). Historically, the Model 1877 rifle has just been considered to be a variant of the Model 1873, while the Model 1877 carbine has been considered to be a separate model.
Springfield Model 1880 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [14] Springfield Model 1882 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor short rifle. [15] Springfield Model 1884 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [16] Springfield Model 1886 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor carbine. [17] Springfield Model 1888 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [18] Repeating rifle:
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The model 1884 was also produced in a carbine version. It was found that the rear sight could be easily damaged when removing the rifle from the carbine boot. The rear barrel band was therefore modified in 1890 to include a rear sight protector. A round-rod bayonet model was also produced, designated the Model 1888.