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  2. Martin scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_scale

    Martin-Schultz scale. The Martin scale is an older version of color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual.

  3. Martin–Schultz scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin–Schultz_scale

    Martin-Schultz scale. The Martin–Schultz scale is a standard color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual; it was created by the anthropologists Rudolf Martin and Bruno K Schultz in the first half of the 20th century.

  4. Contact lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_lens

    Artist's impression of Leonardo's method for neutralizing the refractive power of the cornea. Leonardo da Vinci is frequently credited with introducing the idea of contact lenses in his 1508 Codex of the eye, Manual D, [9] wherein he described a method of directly altering corneal power by either submerging the head in a bowl of water or wearing a water-filled glass hemisphere over the eye.

  5. Color chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_chart

    A color chart or color reference card is a flat, physical object that has many different color samples present. They can be available as a single-page chart, or in the form of swatchbooks or color-matching fans. Typically there are two different types of color charts: Color reference charts are intended

  6. Eye chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_chart

    An example of the Landolt C eye chart (also known as the Japanese eye chart). Numerous types of eye charts exist and are used in various situations. For example, the Snellen chart is designed for use at 6 meters or 20 feet, and is thus appropriate for testing distance vision, while the ETDRS chart is designed for use at 4 meters. [16]

  7. List of soft contact lens materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_soft_contact_lens...

    In the US market, soft contact lenses are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. [2] The American Optometric Association published a contact lens comparison chart called Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Types of Contact Lenses on the differences between them. [3] These include: soft contact lenses; rigid gas-permeable (RGP ...

  8. Snellen chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snellen_chart

    A Snellen chart is an eye chart that can be used to measure visual acuity. Snellen charts are named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Herman Snellen who developed the chart in 1862 as a measurement tool for the acuity formula developed by his professor Franciscus Cornelius Donders .

  9. Ostwald color system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostwald_color_system

    The Color Harmony Manuals were published beginning in 1942, and have been out of print since 1972. [2] Ostwald's first Color Harmony Manual was a set of 12 handbooks showing complementary hues. The first edition was published in 1942. It contained 680 color chips. Each color chip was a 5/8 inch square and had a tab where the Ostwald notation ...