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This measure assesses both depressive symptoms as well as symptom improvement in a wide range of children and adolescents, ages 6–17. [3] The CES-DC was first developed to measure the incidence and prevalence of depression among children and adolescents in large-scale epidemiological research. [3]
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
Some depression rating scales are completed by patients. The Beck Depression Inventory, for example, is a 21-question self-report inventory that covers symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, weight loss, lack of interest in sex, and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or fear of being punished. [11]
The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI and CDI2) is a psychological assessment that rates the severity of symptoms related to depression or dysthymic disorder in children and adolescents. [1] The CDI is a 27-item scale that is self-rated and symptom-oriented. [ 1 ]
The chart portion of the forest plot will be on the right hand side and will indicate the mean difference in effect between the test and control groups in the studies. A more precise rendering of the data shows up in number form in the text of each line, while a somewhat less precise graphic representation shows up in chart form on the right.
A study looking at the agreement between scales for depression diagnosis found 79.4% agreement between the DSM-III and the WSAS in a sample of 107 children. [3] The test is a 56-item self-report test to be completed by the child or young adult that takes an average of 3–5 minutes to complete.
For normally distributed random variables inverse-variance weighted averages can also be derived as the maximum likelihood estimate for the true value. Furthermore, from a Bayesian perspective the posterior distribution for the true value given normally distributed observations and a flat prior is a normal distribution with the inverse-variance weighted average as a mean and variance ().
Youden's J statistic is = + = + with the two right-hand quantities being sensitivity and specificity.Thus the expanded formula is: = + + + = (+) (+) In this equation, TP is the number of true positives, TN the number of true negatives, FP the number of false positives and FN the number of false negatives.