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Derba MIDROC Cement: MIDROC: 2012 [1] Habesha Cement: Habesha Cement S.C. 2008 [2] Lemi National Cement Factory: West China Cement East African Holding Company 2024 [3] [4] Messebo Cement Factory: Endowment Fund for the Rehabilitation of Tigray: 1997 [5] Mugher Cement Enterprise: Ethiopian government: 1984 [6]
Many depend on circumstances. A major component is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete. The cement industry is one of the main producers of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. [2] Concrete causes damage to the most fertile layer of the earth, the topsoil.
Africa and the Middle east; a continental Overview of Environmental Issues. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. Maddox, G.H. (2006). Sub-Saharan Africa: An environmental history. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. McCann.J.C.(1990). "A Great Agrarian cycle? Productivity in Highland Ethiopia, 1900–1987," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 20:3, pp. 389 ...
In the Awash basin in central Ethiopia floods and droughts are common. Agriculture in the basin is mainly rainfed (without irrigation systems). This applies to around 98% of total cropland as of 2012. So changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change will reduce economic activities in the basin. [5] Rainfall shocks have a direct impact on ...
Even so, air pollutants are causing a variety of health and environmental problems. These pollutants are a threat to the population of Africa and the environment they try so hard to sustain. [31] In 2019, air pollution killed 1.1 million people across Africa, according to a study published in The Lancet Planetary Health in October 2021. [32]
Ethiopia has 20 cement factories which produce mainly OPC and PPC cement. Two other cement factories are in the pipeline. As of 2017, production capacity in Ethiopian, according to the Ethiopian Reporter, [14] has increased to 15 million tonnes per year, but local consumption is only 6 million tonnes per year.
The main components of LC3 cements are clinker, calcined clay, limestone, and gypsum. [24] [25] [26] The fresh concrete production involves synergetic hydration.[10] [27] Adding large amounts of calcined clay and ground limestone to the dry cement powder, [28] [29] when adding water to the mix for making concrete, cement and additives start to hydrate and the soluble aluminates released in ...
Apart from Northern Africa, East African countries show the second highest decline rates of conservation forests in the continent. In a forest resource assessment of Ethiopia, Reusing found that within 17 years (1973–1990) high-forest cover decreased from 54,410 to 45,055 km² or from 4.72 to 3.96% of the land area. [5]