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Motolimod (VTX-2337) is a drug which acts as a potent and selective agonist of toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), a receptor involved in the regulation of the immune system.It is used to stimulate the immune system, and has potential application as an adjuvant therapy in cancer chemotherapy, although clinical trials have shown only modest benefits.
The ability of the immune system to recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens is, in part, due to the presence of immune receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are expressed on the membranes of leukocytes including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, cells of the adaptive immunity T cells, and B cells, and non-immune cells (epithelial and endothelial ...
Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. [5] TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 ( cluster of differentiation 289). It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family.
Entolimod is a recombinant protein that acts as an agonist of toll-like receptor 5 , an innate immunity receptor. Entolimod activation of TLR5 triggers NF-κB signaling, mobilizing an innate immune response that drives the expression of numerous genes, including inhibitors of apoptosis, scavengers of reactive oxygen species, and a spectrum of ...
In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. [1] The word "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare , meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination ...
MPL was investigated as an adjuvant for curative anti-tumor vaccines, with the approval of Melacine in Canada for the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma. [74] Synthetic LPS derivatives based on dephosphorylated lipid A moiety structures were also developed and confirmed potent adjuvant and antitumor activities as therapeutic agents.
Toll-like receptor 7, also known as TLR7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR7 gene. Orthologs are found in mammals and birds. [ 5 ] It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family and detects single stranded RNA.
Resiquimod (R-848) is a drug that acts as an immune response modifier, and has antiviral and antitumour activity. It is used as a topical gel [1] in the treatment of skin lesions [2] such as those caused by the herpes simplex virus [3] [4] and cutaneous T cell lymphoma, [5] and as an adjuvant to increase the effectiveness of vaccines. [6]