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  2. Pseudorandom binary sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_binary_sequence

    In contrast, truly random sequence sources, such as sequences generated by radioactive decay or by white noise, are infinite (no pre-determined end or cycle-period). However, as a result of this predictability, PRBS signals can be used as reproducible patterns (for example, signals used in testing telecommunications signal paths).

  3. Lambda calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus

    Lambda calculus is Turing complete, that is, it is a universal model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine. [3] Its namesake, the Greek letter lambda (λ), is used in lambda expressions and lambda terms to denote binding a variable in a function.

  4. Chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography

    Chromatography, pronounced / ˌ k r oʊ m ə ˈ t ɒ ɡ r ə f i /, is derived from Greek χρῶμα chrōma, which means "color", and γράφειν gráphein, which means "to write".". The combination of these two terms was directly inherited from the invention of the technique first used to separate biological pigme

  5. First-order logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic

    Because a full derivation of any nontrivial result in a first-order deductive system will be extremely long for a human to write, [39] results are often formalized as a series of lemmas, for which derivations can be constructed separately. Automated theorem provers are also used to implement formal verification in computer science.

  6. Human evolutionary genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolutionary_genetics

    The sequence divergence has generally the following pattern: Human-Chimp < Human-Gorilla << Human-Orangutan, highlighting the close kinship between humans and the African apes. Alu elements diverge quickly due to their high frequency of CpG dinucleotides which mutate roughly 10 times more often than the average nucleotide in the genome.

  7. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism. Chemical reactions are described with chemical equations , which symbolically present the starting materials, end products, and sometimes intermediate products ...

  8. PDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

    PDF 2.0 defines 256-bit AES encryption as the standard for PDF 2.0 files. The PDF Reference also defines ways that third parties can define their own encryption systems for PDF. PDF files may be digitally signed, to provide secure authentication; complete details on implementing digital signatures in PDF are provided in ISO 32000-2.

  9. The Art of Computer Programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer...

    The offer of a so-called Knuth reward check worth "one hexadecimal dollar" (100 HEX base 16 cents, in decimal, is $2.56) for any errors found, and the correction of these errors in subsequent printings, has contributed to the highly polished and still-authoritative nature of the work, long after its first publication.