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Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, commonly known as FAS 133, is an accounting standard issued in June 1998 by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) that requires companies to measure all assets and liabilities on their balance sheet at “fair value”.
The regulation includes requirements to obtain consent from a counterparty before re-using its collateral, disclosure and reporting to trade repositories. The objective of the legislation is to reduce systemic risk in securities lending and get more visibility over collateral re-use.
IFRS 9 began as a joint project between IASB and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which promulgates accounting standards in the United States. The boards published a joint discussion paper in March 2008 proposing an eventual goal of reporting all financial instruments at fair value, with all changes in fair value reported in net income (FASB) or profit and loss (IASB). [1]
The European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) is EU regulation for over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories. [3] EMIR was introduced by the European Union (EU) as implementation of the G20 commitment to reduce systemic, counterparty and operational risk, and increase transparency in the OTC derivatives market. [4]
Improved access to market liquidity by collateralisation of interbank derivatives exposures [5] Access to more exotic businesses; Possibility of doing risky exotic trades; These motivations are interlinked, but the overwhelming driver for use of collateral is the desire to protect against credit risk. [6]
On October 10, 2008, the FASB issued further guidance to provide an example of how to estimate fair value in cases where the market for that asset is not active at a reporting date. [31] On December 30, 2008, the SEC issued its report under Sec. 133 and decided not to suspend mark-to-market accounting. [32]
The auditor must state in the auditor's report whether the financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The auditor must identify in the auditor's report those circumstances in which such principles have not been consistently observed in the current period in relation to the preceding period.
The Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), 7 U.S.C. § 1 et seq., prohibits fraudulent conduct in the trading of futures, swaps, and other derivatives. The stated mission of the CFTC is to promote the integrity, resilience, and vibrancy of the U.S. derivatives markets through sound regulation. [5]