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Capital controls were an integral part of the Bretton Woods system which emerged after World War II and lasted until the early 1970s. This period was the first time capital controls had been endorsed by mainstream economics. Capital controls were relatively easy to impose, in part because international capital markets were less active in ...
In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services. [1] A typical example is the machinery used in a factory. At the macroeconomic level, "the nation's capital stock includes buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a ...
Prudential capital controls are typical ways of prudential regulation that takes the form of capital controls and regulates a country's capital account inflows. Prudential capital controls aim to mitigate systemic risk , reduce business cycle volatility, increase macroeconomic stability, and enhance social welfare .
In addition, capital controls introduce numerous distortions. Hence, there are few important countries with an effective system of capital controls, though by early 2010, there has been a movement among economists, policy makers and the International Monetary Fund back in favour of limited use.
The term "capital account" is used with a narrower meaning by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and affiliated sources. The IMF splits what the rest of the world calls the capital account into two top-level divisions: financial account and capital account, with by far the bulk of the transactions being recorded in its financial account.
Outflowing capital can be caused by any number of economic or political reasons but can often originate from instability in either sphere. Regardless of cause, capital outflowing is generally perceived as undesirable and many countries create laws to restrict the movement of capital out of the nations' borders (called capital controls). While ...
Capital accumulation forms the basis of capitalism, where economic activity is structured around the accumulation of capital, defined as investment in order to realize a financial profit. [184] In this context, "capital" is defined as money or a financial asset invested for the purpose of making more money (whether in the form of profit, rent ...
Officials requested international capital controls which would allow governments to regulate their economies while remaining committed to the goals of full employment and economic growth. [11] The adoption of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade supported free trade, while allowing national governments to retain veto power over trade ...