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To avoid toxicity and risk of side effects, FDA guidelines recommend an initial dose of methamphetamine at doses 5–10 mg/day for ADHD in adults and children over six years of age, and may be increased at weekly intervals of 5 mg, up to 25 mg/day, until optimum clinical response is found; the usual effective dose is around 20–25 mg/day.
It is the 4-methoxy analogue of methamphetamine. Little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism , and toxicity of PMMA; because of its structural similarity to PMA, which has known toxicity in humans, it is thought to have considerable potential to cause harmful side effects or death in overdose . [ 2 ]
Different ATS also have different toxic dose. Methamphetamine fatality from ATS have been reported after ingestion of a minimal dose of 1.3 mg/kg, while the estimated minimum lethal dose in a non-addicted adult is 200 mg. [14] [26] Generally, children are more likely to develop toxicity and have lower chances of developing tolerance. [14]
[45] [46] Methamphetamine was first introduced for medical use in 1938 in oral form under the brand name Pervitin in Germany. [45] [46] Over-the-counter nasal decongestant inhalers containing enantiopure levmetamfetamine, originally labeled with the chemical name l-desoxyephedrine, were first introduced in 1958 under the brand name Vicks Inhaler.
[245]: 50 [267] Thereafter in the late 1980s, the drug spread alongside rave culture to the UK and then to other European and American cities. [245]: 50 Illicit MDMA use became increasingly widespread among young adults in universities and later, in high schools. Since the mid-1990s, MDMA has become the most widely used amphetamine-type drug by ...
The metabolic half-life is 8 to 59 hours (approximately 24 hours for opioid-tolerant people, and 55 hours for opioid-naive people), as opposed to a half-life of 1 to 5 hours for morphine. [12] The length of the half-life of methadone allows for the exhibition of respiratory depressant effects for an extended duration of time in opioid-naive people.
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), sometimes referred to as sass, is an empathogen-entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine family that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug.