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High tibial osteotomy is an orthopaedic surgical procedure which aims to correct a varus deformation with compartmental osteoarthritis.Since the inception of the procedure, advancements to technique, fixation devices, and a better understanding of patient selection has allowed HTO to become more popular in younger, more active patients hoping to combat arthritis. [1]
Once the fragments are reduced, the reduction is maintained by application of casts, traction, or held by plates, screws, or other implants, which may in turn be external or internal.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL), also called the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) or tibial collateral ligament (TCL), [1] is one of the major ligaments of the knee. It is on the medial (inner) side of the knee joint and occurs in humans and other primates. Its primary function is to resist valgus (inward bending) forces on ...
Patients with tibial shaft fractures present with pain and localized swelling. [2] Due to the pain they are unable to bear weight. There may be deformity, angulation, or malroation of the leg. [2] Fractures that are open (bone exposed or breaking the skin) are common. [citation needed]
The tibial tuberosity thus forms the terminal part of the large structure that acts as a lever to extend the knee-joint and prevents the knee from collapsing when the foot strikes the ground. [1] The two ligaments, the patella, and the tibial tuberosity are all superficial, easily palpable structures. [2]
Type IV = Medial tibial plateau fracture, with or without depression; may involve tibial spines; associated soft tissue injuries. This is a medial tibial plateau fracture with a split or depressed component. It is usually the result of a high energy injury and involves a varus force with axial loading at the knee.
The tibia (/ ˈ t ɪ b i ə /; pl.: tibiae / ˈ t ɪ b i i / or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle.
Posterior tibial artery. [2] Posterior tibial vein. [1] Tibial nerve. [2] Flexor hallucis longus tendon. [2] In the tunnel, the tibial nerve splits into three different paths. [3] The medial calcaneal branches of the tibial nerve continues to the heel, while the medial plantar nerve and the lateral plantar nerve continue on to the bottom of the ...