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Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host. In most cases, especially in animal systems, virulence refers to the degree of damage caused by a microbe to its host . [ 1 ]
Virulence factors (preferably known as ... Some bacteria secrete exotoxins, which have a wide range of effects, including inhibiting certain biochemical pathways in ...
The two pathways require different molecular chaperones and ultimately use a protein-transporting channel SecYEG for transporting the proteins across the inner cell membrane. [6] In the SecA pathway, SecB acts as a chaperone, helping protein transport to the periplasm after complete synthesis of the peptide chains.
In pathogenic bacteria, curlis can contribute to virulence by helping in cell invasion and activating the innate immune response. Knowing how curli fibers are made, and how the type VIII secretion system works, can help develop an inhibitor to stop or reduce the production of these curli fibers and overall reduce the virulence of the bacteria ...
This type of secretion system also provides essential cell functions pathways with which to proceed. Mycobacteria have a cell membranes that are impenetrable, T7SS allow for substrates to pass through, making the Type VII Secretion system (also known as ESX) essential for mycobacterial growth and virulence. [3]
A successful pathogen needs to spread to at least one other host, and lower virulence can result in higher transmission rates under some circumstances. Likewise, genetic resistance against the virus can develop in a host population over time. [2] [29] An example of the evolution of virulence in emerging virus is the case of myxomatosis in ...
RopB is another Rgg-like protein (Rgg1) that directly activates SpeB (Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B), a cysteine protease that acts as a virulence factor. In the absence of this pathway, biofilm formation is enhanced, possibly due to the lack of the protease degrading pheromones or other Rgg2/3 pathway counteracting effects. [34]
The relationship between virulence and transmission is complex and has important consequences for the long term evolution of a pathogen. Since it takes many generations for a microbe and a new host species to co-evolve, an emerging pathogen may hit its earliest victims especially hard.