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Sodium chloride / ˌ s oʊ d i ə m ˈ k l ɔːr aɪ d /, [8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic , and occurs as the mineral halite .
The Downs cell uses a carbon anode and an iron cathode.The electrolyte is sodium chloride that has been heated to the liquid state. Although solid sodium chloride is a poor conductor of electricity, when molten the sodium and chloride ions are mobilized, which become charge carriers and allow conduction of electric current.
Molten salts (fluoride, chloride, and nitrate) can be used as heat transfer fluids as well as for thermal storage. This thermal storage is used in concentrated solar power plants. [8] [9] Molten-salt reactors are a type of nuclear reactor that uses molten salt(s) as a coolant or as a solvent in which the fissile material is dissolved ...
Each ion can be either monatomic (termed simple ion), such as sodium (Na +) and chloride (Cl −) in sodium chloride, or polyatomic, such as ammonium (NH + 4) and carbonate (CO 2− 3) ions in ammonium carbonate. Salts containing basic ions hydroxide (OH −) or oxide (O 2−) are classified as bases, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium oxide.
English: The crystal structure of sodium chloride, NaCl, a typical ionic compound. The __ purple spheres represent sodium cations, Na +, and the __ green spheres represent chloride anions, Cl −. The yellow stipples represent the electrostatic force in each ionic bond.
Sodium chloride (NaCl), for example, melts at 801 °C (1,474 °F) into a liquid that consists largely of sodium cations (Na +) and chloride anions (Cl −). Conversely, when an ionic liquid is cooled, it often forms an ionic solid—which may be either crystalline or glassy.
English: The crystal structure of sodium chloride, NaCl, a typical ionic compound. The __ purple spheres represent sodium cations, Na + , and the __ green spheres represent chloride anions, Cl − .
When molten, the salt sodium chloride can be electrolyzed to yield metallic sodium and gaseous chlorine. Industrially this process takes place in a special cell named Downs cell. The cell is connected to an electrical power supply, allowing electrons to migrate from the power supply to the electrolytic cell. [28]