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Bunkering is the supplying of fuel for use by ships (such fuel is referred to as bunker), [1] including the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks. [2] A person dealing in trade of bunker (fuel) is called a bunker trader. The term bunkering originated in the days of steamships, when coal was stored in ...
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (BUNKER) is an International treaty listed and administered by the International Maritime Organization, [1] signed in London on 23 March 2001 and in force generally on 21 November 2008. The purpose is to adopt uniform international rules and procedures for ...
Bunker fuels used within an emission control zone (i.e. North Sea) must have a sulphur content level of less than 0.1% (1000ppm). The IMO has worked on ensuring consistent implementation of the 0.5% sulphur limit in its Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) and its subcommittee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR).
While a BQS is not always a legal requirement when taking bunker fuel, the service plays an important role in managing the continuity of relationships between fuel suppliers and consumers. Depending on where the fuel transfer operation takes place, different global ports have varying concerns when pertaining to the quantity of fuel delivered.
The term "bunker" or "fuel bunker" is typically only used for storage areas for solid fuels, especially coal; the term "fuel tank" is typically used for liquid fuels (such as gasoline or petrol), or gaseous fuels (such as natural gas).
Crude oil washing (COW) is washing out the residue from the oil tanker using the crude oil cargo itself, after the cargo tanks have been emptied. Crude oil is pumped back and preheated in the slop tanks, then sprayed back via high pressure nozzles in the cargo tanks onto the walls of the tank.
In energy statistics, marine bunkers and aviation bunkers [1] as defined by the International Energy Agency are the energy consumption of ships and aircraft.. Marine and aviation bunkers are reported separately from international bunkers, which represent consumption of ships and aircraft on international routes.
Examples of high-risk jobs where a written permit-to-work procedure may need to be used include hot work (such as welding), confined space entry, cutting into pipes carrying hazardous substances (breaking containment), diving in the vicinity of intake openings, and work that requires electrical or mechanical isolation.